有些反直觉的短语和词:
- It helps that.....:“……这一点有帮助” / “好在……” / “……有利于事情进行”
- yet:在句首表示转折,其他情况通常表示“还没有”
- is open to question:有待商
- as with X:就像 X 一样 / X 就是这种情况的一个例子
- as far as A is concerned :就 A 而言 / 至于 A / 在 A 方面
- have something to do with:和……有关 / 与……有关系
- little benefit → 几乎没好处;a little benefit → 有一点好处
- raised financial capital:筹集资金
- seek 过去式 → sought
- not to mention:更不用说
- bring something to life = 让某事变得生动、鲜活起来,仿佛真的发生在眼前
- even-handed -> 公平的、不偏向任何一方的
- steer clear of:回避
- modern idioms -> 现代人习以为常的惯用表达、现代口语化固定说法
- raw material = 原材料 → 可以比喻“某种源头”
- taken me ages:花费我很长时间(口语化表达)
- else...:其他...
- elsewhere = 别的地方
- somewhere = 某个地方
- anywhere = 任何地方
- nowhere = 没有地方
- very + 名词/位置短语 -> 一种强调用法,表示“正是……的那个位置”或者“最……的地方”
- by choice:出于自己的选择
- a call to arms -> 拿起武器的号召 -> 号召
- at our peril:(冒险后)自食其果
- out of context:脱离了原本的环境、条件或语境
- keep sth. at bay:遏制、阻止某事物靠近/造成威胁
- over 可以表示“超过、胜过”
- shocked 不只是震惊,其实还有“糟糕到难以接受”的意思
- as if:仿佛,好像
- consider A B:认为 A 是 B
- consider learning about oneself an essential part of exploration
- (Play) in all its rich variety:形式丰富多样的(玩耍)
阅读:
- 阅读的答案也可能在关键词前面
- 转折词可能放在句尾
ex: Professors and other professionals will not outsource language awareness to software, though.
听力错过的单词:
- mouths:嘴
- salt:盐
- toothpaste:牙膏
- nutrient:营养物,养分,(可数)
- whale 鲸鱼
- ferry 渡船
- drone 无人机
- chef 主厨
- journalist 新闻工作者
- pregnant 怀孕的
- vegan 素食者
- locker 储物柜(可数)
- clap 鼓掌 (clapping)
- disease 疾病
- agriculture 农业
- cattle 家牛
- flooding 洪水
- temperature 温度(可数)
- fence 栅栏(可数)
- training 训练(不用双写 n)
- beginner 新手(双写n)
- tailor 裁缝
- waist 腰
- perfume 香水
- timing 时机(不用双写m)
- domestic 国内的
- spoon:勺子
- butterflies:蝴蝶(复数)
- boot:靴子
- meditation:冥想
听力单词:
- 时间:二点半 => 2.30
- 八月二十四号:April 24
- "w" 听起来很像 "double u"
- hall of residence:学生宿舍
- cloakroom:衣帽间,寄物处
- exile:流放
一词多义:
- acting 和 performance 都有表演的意思
- course:过程;课程
- redundancy:冗余;裁员
- coated:盖住(coat -> 外套)
- hide:(未经加工的)毛皮
- contract:缩小;和同
- post:杆;邮政
- projection:预测;投影
- rear:饲养;尾部
- matter:事情;要紧 v.
- contrast:差异;对比
待验证的假设:
- 阅读题第一段一般只会出一道题,甚至一道也不出
- 太绝对不选,包括 all, most, only, completely, always(偶有意外,如 C15.T2.P3)
- 如果作者持反对意见,文章会明确表达
- 比较级选的概率不高(别人说的,我还没可以关注)
阅读中错的词:
- turbine:涡轮机
- decisive:决定性的
- subject:对象
- refuge:避难所
- secretary:秘书
- monarch:君主
- tasty:美味的
- provenance:出处
- pond:池塘
- belly:腹部
- captivity:囚禁
- captive:俘虏
- impractical:不切实际的
- crop:庄稼
- dwindle:日益减少的
- excavation:挖掘
- crop:作物
- plague:瘟疫;鼠疫
- forage:觅食
- cub:幼崽
- fasting:禁食
- complex:建筑群;复杂的
- 宗教
- priest:神父(天主教等)
- pastor:牧师(新教最典型)
- clergy:神职人员
- tribute:贡品
- owe:欠;归因于
- even though:尽管
- fertility:生育能力
- county:县
- outlive:更长寿于
- coral:珊瑚
- teeming:拥挤的
- ward:病房
- oar:船桨
- comb:梳子
- ski:滑雪板
- fieldwork:实地考察
- daunting:令人畏惧的
- elevation:海拔(altitude)
- vein:静脉;矿脉;某种脉络
- shaft:竖井
- canal:运河;渠道
- lid:盖子
- err:犯错
- oval:椭圆形的
- diverge:相异,出现分歧
- outright:完全的/地
- horror:恐惧
- mountainous:多山的
- whistle:口哨
- folk:民俗的;人们
语法知识:
- 情态动词 + have + 过去分词(modal perfect)
- could have done = 本来可以做,但实际上没做
- should have done = 本应该做,但实际上没做
- might have done = 过去可能做过
- must have done = 一定做过
- could be -> 有可能;would be -> 会是,在某种条件,会......
词根:
- mono:单一,一个
- monoculture:单一栽培
- monopoly:垄断
阅读中理解错误导致丢分/浪费时间的句子:
原文:consuming a tiny fraction of the electricity used by some techniques
翻译:只消耗某些技术所使用电力的很小一部分
原文:reference to the aspects of any tree that contribute to its worth
翻译:提到任意一棵树,有助于其价值的各个方面
Tip:直接将 any 理解为“任意”或者“一个“
原文:a description of a major collision that occurred in space
翻译:对于在太空中发生的,一次重大碰撞事故的描述
Tip:这里 a major collision 并非指“主要的撞击形式”,major types/forms of collisions 才是指形式;且 major 在新闻、学术文章里经常是“重大的”,而不是是“主要的”
原文:we'd be depriving some humans (e.g. senior doctors) of the control they presently enjoy
翻译:我们就会剥夺一些人(例如资深医生)目前所享有的控制权
Tip:短语 deprive A from B;enjoy 此处是“享有/拥有”,而非享受
原文:However, such a change would result, for example, in certain medical practitioners not having their current level of professional authority.
翻译:但是,那些改变会导致,某些医疗从业人员不再拥有他们目前所具有的专业职权
Tip:certain 此处意为“某些/特定”;in 为 result in 短语的一部分,而不是 in certain
原文:___ is one example of a city
that was redesigned in the 19th century in the way that Leonardo had envisaged
翻译:___ 是一个“这样的城市”的例子,(她怎么怎么样)
原文:What idea is suggested by the reference to Mount Qomolangma in the fifth paragraph?
翻译:第五段提到的珠穆朗玛峰表明了什么含义?
Tip:此处作者借朱峰表达了什么。原文 ”The brightest ones will never summit Mount Qomolangma, and the stragglers won't enjoy the lovely stroll in the park they are perhaps more suited to. " 虽然后半段也表达了 stragglers(落后者)怎么怎么样,但回答此题应聚焦于朱峰。
原文:These students tend to have much higher representation of low socioeconomic class.
翻译:这些学生中,来自低社会经济阶层的比例往往要高得多。
原文:Having a variety of different abilities
in a collaborative learning environment provides valuable resources for helping students meet their learning needs, not to mention improving their communication and social skills.
翻译:能力水平各不相同的人(学生)...
Tip:英语经常不直接说“人”,而是用人的某种属性、身份、特征来指代这一类人。例如: some; the brightest ones; the rich, the elderly, the disabled
原文:The growth mindset appears to be a viable construct in the lab, which, when administered in the classroom via targeted interventions, doesn't seem to work.
翻译:成长型思维在实验室环境中似乎是一个可行的理论,但当通过有针对性的干预措施将其应用到课堂中时,却似乎并不起作用。
原文:The inclusion of Charles's account is a positive aspect of the book.
翻译:书中收录查理二世本人的叙述,是这本书的一个优点。
原文:He produced a lot while on Guernsey – including Les Misérables – and to do this, he had to spend a great deal of time in the home that he had there. 翻译:他在根西岛期间创作了大量作品,其中包括《悲惨世界》;为了完成这些创作,他不得不花大量时间待在自己位于那里的住所里。 Tip:a great deal of time 类似于 a lot of time,但后者更正式
原文:The RSPO insists upon no virgin forest clearing, transparency and regular assessment of carbon stocks, among other criteria. 翻译:RSPO 坚持要求不得砍伐原始森林,同时还要求具备透明度,并定期评估碳储量,以及其他一些标准。 Tip:insist upon = insist on,这里充当介词;stock 除了商品还有储量的意思
原文:the nature of the research into the topic 翻译:针对这个主题进行的研究的性质 / 特点
原文:When finally completed, the Step Pyramid rose 62 meters high and was the tallest structure of its time. The complex in which it was built was the size of a city in ancient Egypt and included a temple, courtyards, shrines, and living quarters for the priests. Tip:in which = where,更正式;it 指 Step Pyramid 而不是 complex
原文:the average individual has more microbial cells than human ones 翻译:普通人的体内,微生物细胞比人类细胞还要多
原文:The Romans' shipbuilding skills were passed on to the Greeks and the Egyptians. 翻译:罗马人的造船技术传给了希腊人和埃及人。 Tip:介词只有 from 表达“来自”
原文:Eventually, Rome's navy became the largest and most powerful in the Mediterranean, and the Romans had control over what they therefore called Mare Nostrum meaning ‘our sea'. 翻译:最终,罗马的海军成为了地中海地区规模最大、实力最强的海军,而罗马人也控制了整个地中海,因此他们把它称为 Mare Nostrum,意为“我们的海”。 语法知识:what = the thing (place) that,the 具有指代作用,而 that/which 不具有
原文:None of these things is of the slightest interest to anyone. 翻译:这些事情没有一件能引起任何人的丝毫兴趣。
原文:The environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that for many of us offends our sense of justice. Tip:这里 for many of us 作为介词短语,主语仍是 that
不错的文:
I contain multitudes - C16.T2.P2 Tip:有很多雅思词
Roman shipbuilding and navigation - C16.T3.P1 Tip:错得一塌糊涂
Climate change reveals ancient artefacts in Norway's glaciers - C16.T3.P2 Tip:错得一塌糊涂
Changes in reading habits - C16.T4.P2 Tip:哥们你说啥呢我咋看不懂
Environmental practices of big businesses - C15.T4.P3 Tip:全读懂,全做错
或许有用的地理、历史小知识:
Norwegian = 挪威的 Norway = 挪威 Scandinavian = 斯堪的纳维亚,主要指北欧的三国家:挪威瑞典 (Sweden)丹麦(Denmark) Viking Age = 维京时代 Middle East = 中东 Oppland = 挪威的一个地区
Persians(波斯人) → Persia(波斯) → 大致对应今天的 Iran(伊朗)
Romans(罗马人) → Rome(罗马) → 后来建立 Roman Empire(罗马帝国)
Arab:阿拉伯人
口语
- high power appliancs:高功率电器
- microwave oven:微波炉
- highly populated area:人口密集的地区
过大部分领域
- 人:a person ...
- 事:a time when you used your imagination...
- 经历:a time when...
- 物品:something that...
- 地点:a place where...
- 抽象概念:a skill that...